What is a sensor?
A sensor is a device that converts physical, biological or chemical input into an electrical or optical signal. To be useful, the signal must be measured and transformed into digital format which can be processed and analyzed efficiently by computers. The information can be used by either a person or an intelligent device monitoring the activity to make decisions that maintain or change a course of action.
What is a smart sensor?
A smart sensor is simply one that acquires physical, biological or chemical input, converts the measured value into a digital format in the units of the measured attribute and transmits that measured information via the Ethernet to a computer monitoring point.
For example, a traditional thermocouple produces a voltage proportional to the temperature that it measures. This voltage has to be further processed to convert it to a corresponding temperature through an analog-to-digital acquisition and a set of fairly complex algorithms. A smart sensor however, senses the temperature and produces a proportional voltage that is acquired and converted to digital format [ADC – analog-to-digital conversion] then transmitted to a computer wirelessly using a standard protocol governed by IEEE 1451.
A temperature smart sensor will eliminate the voltmeter by acquiring the measured value, provide any necessary signal conditioning, make the translation from voltage-to-temperature and provide a wireless transmission from the sensor to the ethernet governed by the IEEE 1451 standard making deployment easy and at less cost. This provides excellent communications, data reduction and intelligent data development and saves money on deployment and operations. Actionable intelligence is generated so that users are not overwhelmed by huge amounts of data with the need for processing. Users have the opportunity to make efficient, effective and intelligent decisions based on processed data immediately upon receipt.
A smart sensor does many things a sensor system was required to do to process a measurement and provide intelligent information. In addition, the smart sensor takes care of transmitting the processed information ready to use via the Ethernet to the system monitoring point.

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